Some European countries recorded within the year 2023, an increase in the number of cases of invasive group A streptococcal infection (iGAS), especially in children under the age of ten.

The European Center for Disease Control and Prevention has assessed that the risk to the general population is low, given that the increase in iGAS cases is relatively small.

Due to the increase in iGAS cases internationally, the EODY has informed the Health Services of our country to report all iGAS incidents.

From the beginning of the year 2023 until today, ninety-four (94) cases of group A invasive streptococcus infection in children and adults have been reported to EODY.

Twenty-three (23) deaths are included among the incidents, of which eleven (11) were among children under the age of ten. Two cases of group A streptococcus invasive disease were recently recorded, one of which resulted in the PE of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace.

Group A β-haemolytic streptococcus (GAS) is the most common cause of bacterial pharyngitis in school-aged children. In rare cases, while it may appear initially, with non-specific symptoms (fever, general fatigue, loss of appetite), it can then cause a serious and life-threatening invasive infection. The incidence of GAS pharyngitis usually peaks during the winter months and early spring, and outbreaks in nurseries and schools are often reported. Laboratory testing is performed with the rapid detection of pyogenic streptococcal antigen in the pharynx (strep test) and with pharyngeal swab culture, which is recommended to be taken by a health professional. Children with viral infections such as the flu are at higher risk of developing an iGAS infection.

Early recognition of iGAS infection and prompt initiation of antimicrobial and supportive therapy for affected children is extremely important for a favorable outcome of the disease. Close contacts of iGAS cases in the home and school environment should also be identified, assessed and treated according to guidelines with prophylactic antimicrobials where appropriate.

The comprehensive and successful management of iGAS incidents requires the awareness of the population, the vigilance of health professionals as well as the agencies involved.