Re-infections with the virus that causes Covid-19 are likely to be of similar severity to the initial infection, according to a study funded by the US National Institutes of Health and published in the journal Communications Medicine.

Specifically, an analysis of data from the health records of nearly 213,000 Americans who experienced reinfections found that about 27% of severely ill people, that is, people who received hospital care for a coronavirus infection, also received hospital care for reinfection.

People with underlying diseases and those aged 60 and over were more likely to do so. In contrast, about 87% of those who had mild symptoms and did not need hospital treatment the first time also experienced mild reinfection.

Participants were first infected between March 1, 2020, and December 31, 2022, and experienced a second infection by March 2023. A small number (478) were infected three or more times.

Vaccines for Covid-19 although not available throughout the study period, were associated with a protective effect. In addition, the scientists found that long-term Covid symptoms were more likely to occur after a first infection compared to a re-infection.