Tools that allow comparing state economic and social indicators and finding public policies that can reduce regional inequalities. This is the proposal of two panels that are being launched by IMDs (Institute of Mobility and Social Development).
Imds – Eleções 2022 is a set of state indicators divided into 11 themes, such as income distribution, labor market, health, education, security and fiscal situation. It is the first stage of a more ambitious project, which will incorporate data from Brazilian municipalities until the 2024 elections.
At the moment, a bank with more than 100 public policies in these same areas, developed in Brazil and in other countries, some tested and others pointed out as promising, is also being made available: the Impacto on Social Mobility Platform.
The idea is that these tools serve as a reference for candidates, managers and researchers. They can also be used for control bodies and citizens to cover results and track the historical performance of their region in each theme, in relation to other states.
“People are seeing, for example, data on school dropout at Imds Eleções and can access a public policy to see what is being done to combat this problem”, says Paulo Tafner, director-president of Imds.
According to the institute, it is not a repository of formulas or recipes, but an environment with inputs that encourage reflection on how to apply ideas that have already proven to be effective in facing social problems.
The data can also be observed from the point of view of the evolution of the individual, the families and the territory in which they live.
The numbers show, for example, the difference between the percentage of students in the 3rd year of Elementary School with adequate reading proficiency, which varies from 62% in Minas Gerais and Santa Catarina to 19% in Amapá.
Or the percentage of people aged between 18 and 24 who neither work nor study (nor-nor), from 13% in Santa Catarina to 48% in Maranhão. These same two states have a big difference in the indicator of people of the same age group in extreme poverty, respectively, 2.4% and 23.7%.
Among the policies mentioned, there are some that are newer, still without evaluation of results, but that already show promise, such as the Popular Credit of Recife.
The program, which stimulates the generation of employment and income in the capital of Pernambuco, grants loans of up to R$ 3,000 to formal or informal entrepreneurs and organizations of a collective and solidary nature, with interest of 0.99% per month. Whoever pays the first 11 installments on time has the 12th bench by the prefecture.
Admission is made through the city hall application (Conecta Recife), and priority is given to women (who received more than 60% of disbursements), blacks, young people and people with disabilities.
Through the initiative, R$ 7.2 million has already been released to almost 5,000 entrepreneurs since last year, with a predominance of people living in the poorest regions of the capital of Pernambuco.
“The neighborhoods in which the projects are located are precisely those with the lowest HDIs in the city. It is arriving precisely in the places where we would like the credit to be destined”, says Rafael Dubeux, secretary of Economic Development of Recife.
There are widely tested programs, such as Jovem de Futuro, a partnership between Instituto Unibanco that has already reached 11 states, focusing on improving management in schools, education departments and regional offices.
Results to date show a gain of an additional year of learning during high school, a period that lasts three years, for these students.
“In any impact assessment literature in the world, this is ranked among the ‘Top 10’ of best results in education and management work,” says Ricardo Henriques, superintendent of Instituto Unibanco.
Currently, the program is in five states that represent almost 20% of national high school enrollments. All of them have advanced in indicators such as decreasing dropout rates and reducing differences between students and learning in recent years.
Imds tools use historical data from different sources (IBGE, Ipea, DataSUS, Inep etc.), which will be constantly updated. New themes will also be added.
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