See how to declare investment in savings, CDB and shares in the IR

The taxpayer who has investments and is obliged to deliver the 2022 income tax return to the Federal Revenue cannot forget to declare them. Depending on the value, this information is mandatory.

In addition, the movement of some of them, such as the purchase and sale of shares on the Stock Exchange, is among the rules that oblige the citizen to declare the IR.

Those who are obliged to render accounts and miss the deadline – this year, the deadline was changed to May 31 – pays a minimum fine of R$ 165.74 for the delay, which can reach 20% of the tax due. Until Friday (6), the IRS had received almost 20 million declarations. 34.1 million are expected.

Care for filling out the IR

According to David Soares, expert consultant on Income Tax at the IOB, each type of application has a minimum value that the taxpayer is obliged to inform in the declaration. Savings accounts with a balance from R$ 140 must be included in the IR, for example.

Stocks and fixed-income securities are mandatory with values ​​starting at R$1,000. In the case of cryptocurrencies and other cryptoassets, the minimum limit is BRL 5,000. Anything below the minimum value can be left out, but the consultant does not advise.

Richard Domingos, executive director of Confirp Accounting, explains that every investment is an asset, therefore, it must be part of the individual’s assets and be declared, even what is not taxable. According to him, making mistakes in the information or omitting it can lead to a fine mesh.

“If errors occur in filling in the values, these will be crossed with the data passed by the financial institutions to the Federal Revenue, thus generating inconsistencies”, he says.

Alessandro Fonseca, from the Mattos Filho office, warns of care when filling. “It is essential to stick to the value that is being filled in, including the use of commas and negative signs for eventual cases of losses”, says Fonseca.

“It is recommended that the declarations be made in a timely manner so that the taxpayer can request the documents that he may not have in hand, in order not to leave any gaps and any inconsistency in his declaration, thus avoiding falling into the fine mesh”, complete.

Banks and brokers must provide the earnings report

In general, investments are declared in the “Goods and Rights” form, which, this year, underwent changes. The Revenue divided the goods into groups, with specific codes, most of them already used in the declarations of previous years. The exception in this case is the PGBL type of private pension (Plano Gerador de Benefício Livre), which goes on the “Payments Made” form, as it gives the right to deduct.

In order not to make a mistake when informing the data to the tax authorities, the ideal is to have the income report provided by the bank or brokerage. Those who invest in stocks and cryptocurrencies must also be extra careful: having paid the tax and made the mandatory declarations in 2021, if necessary.

One of the most important fields in “Assets and Rights” is the investment balance as of 12/31 of each year. If you already had the application in 2020, you need to fill in its balance on 12/31/2020. If you didn’t have it yet and started investing only in 2021, the only balance informed will be in December 2021. For those who sold in 2021, the “Status on 12/31/2021” field must be blank.

In the declaration forms, it is also important to inform whether the investment or income on the application being declared belongs to the holder or the dependent. The same goes for cash redeemed, profit made or earnings.

See how to declare investments

Savings

• Savings with a balance greater than R$ 140 is mandatory; below this value, the declaration is optional
• Inform the booklet in the “Assets and Rights” form, in the code 41 of the group “04 – Applications and investments”
• On 12/31/2020, declare the balance you had that year, and on 12/31/2021, the final balance for last year
• It is also necessary to inform the bank and the CNPJ, the branch and the account, in addition to placing, in “Discrimination”, data such as when the passbook was opened, among others that may be
• The income for the year goes on the “Exempt and Non-Taxable Income” sheet, on line 08

private pension

For PGBL type plans

• Those who invest in PGBL (Free Benefit Generating Plan) have the right to deduct the amount from the Income Tax
• In this case, the application is declared on the “Payments Made” form, under code “36 – Pension plan”
• It is necessary to inform the name and CNPJ of the financial institution, in addition to the amount paid in the year, which must be in the income report delivered to the taxpayer
• For those who make the complete declaration, it is possible to deduct up to 12% of the tax due in the year
• When the PGBL is withdrawn, the form where the redemption is declared depends on the type of taxation chosen in the plan. If it was progressive taxation, the money received goes to “Taxable Income Received from PJ”; in regressive taxation, the amount redeemed goes to “Income Subject to Exclusive/Definitive Taxation”, in line “06 – Income and financial investments”

For VGBL type plans

• The VGBL (Vida Gerador de Benefício Livre) does not give the right to deduct the IR and must be declared in the “Assets and Rights” form, code “97 – VGBL — Vida Gerador de Benefício Livre” of the group “99 – Other goods and rights “
• Inform, in the “Discrimination” field, name and CNPJ of the financial institution, account number and policy data
• If the value is redeemed, leave the “Situation on 12/31/20231” field in the bank to write off the asset
• The amount withdrawn must be declared according to the chosen taxation. If it was progressive, the money redeemed goes to “Taxable Income Received from PJ”; in regressive taxation, the amount goes under “Income Subject to Exclusive/Definitive Taxation”, in line “06 – Income and financial investments”

CDB, RDB and bills of exchange

• CDBs (Bank Deposit Certificates) and RDBs (Bank Deposit Receipts) must be on the statement if the balance is over R$140
• They are declared in the “Assets and Rights” sheet, in the group “04 – Applications and investments”, code 02
• Inform the name and CNPJ of the financial institution, whether it belongs to the dependent or the holder and the balances at the end of each year
• In “Discrimination”, inform financial institution, account number, and, if this is joint, name and CPF registration number of the co-holder
• If you had income during the year with the investment, declare it in “Income Subject to Exclusive/Definitive Taxation”, line 06 (income from financial investments); in this year’s statement, there is a button that takes you straight to this sheet
• The bills of exchange are also included in the sheet “Assets and Rights”, in group 04, but in another line, in “03 – Securities exempt from taxation”
• The income from this application goes in the “Exempt and Non-Taxable Income” form, in code 12; just click on the button below, under “Assets and Rights”

Direct Treasure

• Direct Treasury bonds must be declared on two forms: one to register the asset and another with the yields.
• It is not necessary to separate them by type; the declaration of the amount invested must be made according to the brokerage firm, this is because brokerage firms have the habit of adding up all the investment in Tesouro Direto and informing the total in the earnings report
• The amount invested goes in “Goods and Rights”; choose group “04 – Applications and investments”, code “02 – Public and private bonds subject to taxation”
• Inform the balances on 12/31/20 and 12/31/21; if you made the redemption, leave the “Status on 12/31/2021” blank
• The income must be entered in the form “Income Subject to Exclusive/Definitive Taxation”, line “06 — Income from financial investments”, specifying the type of income (Direct Treasury) and informing the value of the gains; there is a button that leads to this sheet below, under “Assets and Rights”

investment funds

• All investment funds with a balance above R$ 140 must be informed in the declaration
• This year, the funds won a specific group in the “Goods and Rights” form, numbered “07 – Funds”; it is this group that should be chosen
• The code will depend on the type of fund you want to declare: short-term, long-term or real estate fund, among others
• In “Discrimination”, inform the financial institution managing the fund, number of shares and balances on 12/31/2020 and 12/31/2021
• If there was income in the year, they must be declared, depending on the type, whether they are exempt or from exclusive taxation. In this case, there will be, below, the buttons that lead to the specific forms, just click on the one that leads to the form “Income Subject to Exclusive/Definitive Taxation” or the one that leads to the form “Exempt and Non-Taxable Income”

Shares

• Shares above R$ 1,000 must be informed in the declaration
• In order for the taxpayer not to make a mistake, it is necessary to have the brokerage invoice sent by the broker; in it, there is a report for Income Tax purposes
• The shares go on the “Assets and Rights” sheet, in the group “03 – Equity participation”, code “01 – Shares (including those listed on stock exchanges)”
• In “Discrimination”, inform name and CNPJ, acquisition date, number of shares and acquisition value
• For each type of action, it is necessary to open a form in “Assets and Rights”, as they are different items and, at the time of sale, will be sold separately
• Inform the balances on 12/31/2020 and 12/31/2021; The value to be declared is the purchase price
• If you didn’t have the action in 2020, leave the “Status on 12/31/2020” field blank

for the sale of shares

• The sale of shares of up to R$ 20 thousand is exempt from Income Tax and must be declared in the “Exempt and Non-Taxable Income” form, in line “20 – Net gains from operations in the cash market of shares traded on stock exchanges” in sales made up to R$ 20,000.00 each month, for the set of shares”
• The profit made on these shares goes on line 9 of the exempt income sheet, under “profits and dividends received”
• The profit obtained from the sale of shares of more than R$ 20 thousand pays tax; the taxpayer must have calculated the capital gain, in 2021, and made the IR payment by the end of the month following the sale
• The values ​​are declared in “Common operations/Day trade”, month by month
• Inform net result, negative result (if applicable), loss to be offset, tax due and other requested data, according to the brokerage invoice
• It is important to have a control sheet to be able to transfer all this data without making mistakes
• Whoever sells must not forget to write off the shares in the “Assets and Rights” sheet, leaving the “Status on 12/31/2021” blank
• Those who received interest on capital must declare in “Income Subject to Exclusive Taxation”, in line “10 – Interest on own capital”

Cryptocurrencies and other crypto assets

• When the purchase value of each type of crypto asset is equal to or greater than BRL 5,000, the investment must be included in the declaration
• Cryptocurrencies must be declared in the “Assets and Rights” form, in the group “08 – Cryptoactives”
• There are eight codes, according to the type: 01 – Bitcoin Crypto-BTC; 02 – Other cryptocurrencies, known as altcoins, for example, Ether (ETH), Ripple (XRP), Bitcoin Cash (BCH) and Litecoin (LTC); 03 – Cryptoassets known as stablecoins, for example, Tether (USDT), USD Coin (USDC), Brazilian Digital Token (BRZ), Binance USD (BUSD), DAI, True USD (TUSD), Gemini USD (GUSD, Paxos USD ( PAX), Paxos Gold (PAXG); 10 – Crypto Assets known as NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens) and 99 – Other Crypto Assets
• Crypto assets must be declared at purchase price; inform the balance on 12/31/2020 and 12/31/2021
• If sold, write off “Assets and Rights”
• Profit must only be declared for sales above R$35,000; in this case, the tax must have been calculated in 2021 and the data must be imported from the Gcap program to the “Capital Gains” form

Collaborated with Lucas Bombana