The legendary pyramids have occupied researchers, not only for the secret gaps and hidden chambers, but also for the fact that the ancient Egyptians were able to build such impressive monuments using the means of the past. One of the greatest mysteries so is the striking alignment of the pyramids.
particularly the great pyramid of Giza has straight lines of great precision at 138.8 meters on each side and is aligned with the cardinal points, north, south, east and west. The accuracy is close to 4 arc minutes or if you want 1/15 of a degree. Something extremely difficult in an age without drones and computers.
There have been many hypotheses about how they did this, using for example the Polar Star or the Sun’s shadow, but it is not yet clear how they calculated them.
The most recent method published in 2017suggests a much simpler way.
Experimenting with the first day of the autumnal equinox in 2016, they used a rudder to create a shadow. They marked the top of the shadow at regular intervals during the day, forming a curve. At the end of the day, using a rope tied to the rudder, they saw where the curve intersects, joined them and created an almost perfect straight line from east to west.
So, all the Egyptians would need to align their pyramids would be a sunny day. Although this method shows that it could be used, unfortunately we do not yet have evidence of the technique that eventually followed.
The Egyptians unfortunately left us very little information. No mechanical documents or architectural drawings have been found with technical explanations that would prove how the ancient Egyptians aligned the pyramids.
The research was published in The Journal of Ancient Egyptian Architecture.
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