Lately, its spread Human Metapneumonia Virus (HMPV) has attracted attention, especially after the emergence of cases in our country. Meanwhile, images of overcrowded hospitals in China, with patients and staff wearing masks, have evoked memories from the early days of the coronavirus pandemic. So the questions remain: What is HMPV, how is it transmitted and how dangerous is it?

The questions are answered by Mr. Telemachos Zaimis Curator Pathologist Metropolitan Hospital:

What is HMPV and how is it transmitted?

“Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a well-known respiratory virus that belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae and was first identified in 2001 in the Netherlands. Researchers estimate that it has been circulating in the human population for at least six decades, and most people have been infected with the virus at least once by age 5. The virus causes mild respiratory symptoms, such as coughing and nasal congestion, and is spread mainly through droplets and contact with contaminated surfaces.

Despite its frequency, HMPV remains relatively unknown, as there is no quick and cheap method of diagnosis, such as rapid tests, and it is often confused with other viruses, such as the influenza virus (influenza) or RSV. Clinically, its course is similar to that of the common cold, and treatment is focused on alleviating the symptoms,” he points out.

Increase in cases: Is it a seasonal trend or is there a risk?

“The increase in HMPV cases is expected and follows the seasonal trend of the virus. As with other respiratory viruses, HMPV is observed in waves mainly in winter, when conditions for its transmission are more favorable. Epidemiologists note that this increased activity is normal and does not indicate a pandemic risk.

According to EODY data, the circulation of HMPV in the community was high last year as well, and peaked in early April 2024, with a noticeable decrease from late June 2024.

One factor that may explain the rise in cases in China is the strict “Zero-COVID” policy that was in place until recently. During the pandemic and until 2023, Chinese citizens had little or no contact with other viruses such as HMPV, leading to lower population immunity and, as a result, a higher incidence of cases this year.

At the same time, following the COVID-19 pandemic, respiratory virus diagnostic technologies have evolved significantly and are increasingly accessible. Sophisticated diagnostic methods, such as the film array test, allow the diagnosis of several viruses at the same time, which has increased the recognition of HMPV and, therefore, in more recorded cases,” explains the expert.

Are we finally threatened by a new HMPV pandemic?

“Although HMPV is common and widespread, it does not pose a global pandemic threat as it does not mutate at the same rate as the virus that causes COVID-19 and most people already have some immunity due to previous infections. Also, global surveillance and improved diagnostic methods make monitoring HMPV more effective. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Center for Disease Control (ECDC) reassure the public that HMPV does not have the potential to cause a new global crisis. HMPV therefore seems not to be the “new coronavirus”, but it gives us the opportunity to realize how critical vigilance and monitoring of international epidemiological data is, so that health systems remain ready for any eventuality”, concludes Mr. Zaimes.