Seventeen months after the announcement of the verdict of the judges of the three-member Court of Appeals, for the criminal organization that operated “under the guise of a political party”, the historic decision for Golden Dawn was clarified and entered in the special book of decisionsnow paving the way for the determination of the trial in the second instance.
The massive decision analyzing the reasoning of the judges, who for five years tried the case of the 69 accused members of the party, which for two parliamentary terms had succeeded in entering Parliament, occupies thousands of pages, with the data reaching 1 terabyte .
Already the registration of the decision provoked the immediate reaction of the Civil Law Advocateswho, at their request to the leadership of the appellate court, request the determination of the appellate trial with the venue of the appellate courtroom, as well as the acquittal of the members of the five-member Criminal Court of Appeal, from any other judicial service.
It should be noted that the appeals of the convicts will be heard in the appellate court, claiming the reduction of their sentences, as well as the appeal in favor of the law exercised by the prosecutor, requesting the imposition of a larger sentence for certain convicts, including the leader. and the Golden Dawn management team.
The court, in October 2020, with its unanimous decision, convicted 7 former MPs for directing a criminal organization and 11 former MPs for participation. Also, 18 defendants were convicted for the murder of Fyssa, 5 for the attack on Egyptian fishermen, 3 for the attack on members of PAME, and 14 were convicted, either as members of the organization or for other acts.
“Criminal organization”
The judges, in their reasoning for the criminal organization, consider that the assumptions of the parliament, which refers to a Nazi-type organization, which was founded in the 1980s and continued to have the same ideology throughout, have been proven. As they specifically note: “This Nazi ideology has not changed since 1992, nor have its supporters been removed, as the defendants unjustifiably claim. This is clearly evident from statements, documents, photos, videos, Nazi symbols, Nazi salute, speeches inside the offices but also in public, such as excerpts from articles in the newspaper ‘Chrysi Avgi’ of 2006, statements by Nikos Michaloliakos, his speeches and more » .
The reasoning emphasizes that “their Nazi ideology, leaders of the Golden Dawn made it visible, except with tattoos, such as the Nazi eagle of Ioannis Lagos, the swastika of Elias Kasidiaris, the ‘Sieg Heil’ of Panagiotis as well as in other ways, including ‘adult education with’ Hitler ”. As it is specifically mentioned, “the main feature of the criminal organization, which hatched within the political formation and later a political party called the Golden Dawn popular association and operated under its auspices, was its hierarchical structure, headed by its leader. Nikolaos Michaloliakos, then the deputies of the party, who had been appointed regional governors in united large constituencies to coordinate the actions, and finally the heads of each local organization “.
Purposes and action
The decision of the judges regarding the aims and action of the organization is clear: “Their criminal action, which aimed at the violent treatment of foreigners, ideological opponents, dissidents and thus the imposition and dissemination of political ideas and theories, was manifested through local organizations and always under the guidance of a senior in its hierarchy “.
It is also pointed out that: “From the evidentiary process it emerged that any violation of the hierarchy resulted in disciplinary penalties for members who disobeyed an order given by a higher body. Lagos and Panagiotaros were in charge of the disciplinary council. The disciplinary punishments even included the exclusion of the dismissed from the offices “.
The decision makes extensive reference to the role of the leader and the regime that governs the entire structure of Golden Dawn: “The principle of the leader proves to penetrate the hierarchical structure of the criminal organization from the beginning of its establishment. The general secretary, the leader, the supreme leader Nikos Michaloliakos, has the absolute, unlimited and unquestionable power, as well as the absolute responsibility of the final decisions. Belief in the leader is reduced to a level of metaphysics, and is manifested solemnly through the process of the oath “.
A detailed reference is also made to the operational action “Golden Dawn against third parties” which “is implemented by selected groups of executives, members, supporters, who embrace its goals and ideology, for which the ideological orientation training meetings were regular. , where topics related to the views and goals of Golden Dawn were analyzed by expert speakers. “These are groups of people who participated in paramilitary training, wore uniforms, almost all of them possessed illegal weapons and attacked specific target groups.”
Fyssa murder
Regarding the murder of Pavlos Fyssas, the court, citing the information provided at the trial, states that “the victim was attacked and beaten by members of the Golden Dawn, before his fatal injury” and that the motive was political-ideological.
The judges even emphasize: “Roupakias did not act alone and voluntarily, the murder of Pavlos Fyssas was a result of the organized mobilization of the security of the local organization Nice of Golden Dawn, and the motive was political ideological. The accused Georgios Roupakias was not an ordinary Golden Dawn voter, nor a random passer-by from the offices, as claimed in his statements by the general secretary Nikolaos Michaloliakos. He was a member of the local Nice since July 2012 and in fact a member of the five-member local Nice of Golden Dawn, and in particular he was treasurer “.
For the 15 co-accused of Roupakias in the murder of the musician, the decision states that “they created favorable conditions for the commission of the crime and in particular a climate of general confusion and turmoil, tension and intimidation of Pavlos Fygalos and his party. in which two young women participated, with their provocation with yahs and insults, as well as with their beating by some of the assault battalion, as a result of their behavior, which was preparation of the ground for the crucial and fatal intervention of Roupakias , Pavlos Fyssas to be trapped by them and thus to become vulnerable … ».
Finally, based on dozens of facts, the judges even refer to the “attempt to cover up the murder of Pavlos Fyssas by the leadership and prominent members of the Golden Dawn”, citing blueprints of the phone calls that took place on the night of the murder.
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