Scientists have created the most detailed mammal brain wiring diagram to date, mapping every cell and concentration in a cubic millimeter of a mouse visual bark.

Researchers at the Allen Institute took the same cubic millimeter of the brain and chopped it into more than 25,000 layers, each of which had a width of 1/400 of the human hair, and used various electron microscopes to take high resolution photos from each layer.

Another group of Princeton University used artificial intelligence and mechanical learning to rebuild cells and synapses in a three -dimensional volume.

In conjunction with brain activity recordings, the high -resolution three -dimensional map contains more than 200,000 brain cells, of which 82,000 are neurons. It also includes 523 million synapses and more than 4 kilometers of neuronal wiring.

In this context, cutting -edge microscopy, artificial intelligence and 3D reconstructions were utilized.

This is the study Machine Intelligence from Cortical Networks that revealed amazing principles of brain organization, including new inhibitory cells and coordination across the network.

“The progress of the Microns published in this special issue of Nature are a turning point for neuroscience, comparable to the human genome program in terms of their transformative capabilities,” said David Markovic, coordinator of the project.

“Inside this tiny stigma there is a whole architecture like an exquisite forest,” said Clay Reid, a lead researcher and one of the first founders of the electronic tiny connectomics who brought this field of science to the Institute of Allen before.

A new look at the operation and organization of the brain

Findings from studies reveal new types of cells, characteristics, organizational and functional principles and a new way of classifying cells. Among the most amazing findings was the discovery of a new principle of suspension in the brain.

Scientists have so far regarded the inhibitory cells – those that suppress nervous activity – as a simple force that reduces the action of other cells.

However, the researchers have found a much more sophisticated level of communication: the inhibitory cells are not accidental in their actions.

On the contrary, they are extremely selective about the stimulant cells they target, creating a coordination and co -operation system throughout the network.

Some inhibitory cells work together, suppressing multiple stimulant cells, while others are more expensive, targeting only specific types.

“This is the future in many ways,” explained Greek researcher Andreas Tolias, one of the lead scientists who worked in this project both at Baylor College of Medicine and Stanford University.

“The microns will stand as a milestone where we create brain foundation models that will cover many levels of analysis, starting from the level of behavior to the level of representation of nervous activity and even the molecular level,” he noted.

This achievement provides a fundamental tool for understanding the functioning of the brain, intelligence and neurological disorders.