The new King of England had the option of choosing his name. By choosing Charles III, the monarch continues a lineage that dates back to the 17th century and was responsible for increasing British power.
Charles I was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 1625 to 1649, the year he was executed. He was the second son of King James I of Scotland, but after his father inherited the English throne in 1603, he moved to England, where he spent much of his life.
Charles was enthroned after his father’s death.
At the time, England was coming from an economic crisis for investing more than it could in its army, which fought against and defeated Spain in a war in 1558.
Charles I, as soon as he became monarch, signed a document that prohibited the Crown from summoning the army or taking economic measures without the approval of Parliament. He also extended a tax levy from ships, which only applied to the coastal area, to the whole of England.
Believing — like his father — that the sovereign was appointed by God to command the empire, he dissolved and convened Parliament several times. He also tried to impose on the Scots the practice of Anglicanism, most of which were Presbyterian.
He was beheaded for treason and for ruling as a tyrant, on January 30, 1649.
The surviving son of Charles I, Charles II was King of England, Ireland and Scotland between 1660 and 1685. The time he was in power is known as the Restoration period, as it represented the pacification of England after the civil wars between Catholics. and Protestants. It also meant the end of a republican period in the country.
His reign was marked by increased colonization and trade in India, the East Indies, and America — the British took New York from the Dutch in 1664 — and by acts of navigation that ensured the United Kingdom’s future as a maritime power.
He also faced the Black Death in 1664, when a quarter of the population of London at the time died. Then a great fire would force the reconstruction of part of the city. He made several attempts to formalize tolerance of Catholics, but was forced to back down in the face of a fiercely hostile Parliament.
Although Charles II had several illegitimate children with several mistresses, he had none with his wife, Catherine of Bragança. His efforts to become an absolute ruler brought him into conflict with Parliament, which he dissolved in 1681. From then until his death in 1685, he ruled alone.
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