Donald Trump’s debts may exceed an astronomical half a billion dollars after a New York court ordered the former US president and his companies to pay $355 million in fines, plus interest, for fraud.

The new sentence comes just weeks after it was handed down to Donald Trump compensation of $83.3 million to pay author E. Jean Carroll for defamation after she previously accused him of sexual assault. In a separate ruling last year, Trump was ordered to pay to Carol $5 million for sexual abuse and defamation.

Additional interest payments are added to the penalties, swelling the final amount, which could take a huge hit to Trump’s personal fortune. He has strongly denied wrongdoing and vowed to appeal, a process that could take months or even years.

In particular, what are the amounts that Trump must pay:

How much money does Trump owe now?

The verdict in the fraud trial requires Trump to pay interest on some of the profits from the deal he was ordered to renege on. New York Attorney General Letitia James, who prosecuted the case, said the interest payments totaled $99 million and “will continue to increase every day until they are paid.”

Between Friday’s ruling and the two rulings in Carroll’s case, Trump owes about $542 million in legal judgments.

Trump owes another $110,000 for refusing to comply with a subpoena in the civil fraud case and $15,000 for repeatedly flouting a court order for violating an order not to talk about the case. As part of Friday’s ruling, the judge also ordered both of Trump’s sons to pay $4 million each.

Trump’s court debts don’t stop there. Last month, he was ordered to pay nearly $400,000 in legal fees to The New York Times after unsuccessfully suing the paper. He is currently appealing a $938,000 judgment against him and his attorney for filing a “frivolous” lawsuit against Hillary Clinton.

Can any of these fines be reduced?

It is not unusual for the size of judgments, particularly large sums, to be reduced on appeal.

How fast should Trump pay?

Trump has already deposited $5 million he owes Carroll in the first defamation case into a court-controlled account, along with an additional $500,000 in interest required by New York law. Carol will not have access to the funds until the appeals process is complete.

It may soon be forced to do the same for the $83.3 million judgment in the second verdict for Carroll. Alternatively, he could secure a bond and pay only a portion up front – although this option would come with interest and fees and would likely require some form of collateral. Trump would have to find a financial institution willing to give him the money.

In the civil fraud case, it will be up to the courts to decide how much money Trump must pay pending his appeal. And he may be required to pay the full amount as soon as the appellate court rules, which could happen this summer, according to University of Michigan law professor Will Thomas.

Can Trump Pay?

Trump has claimed that his fortune exceeds $10 billion. Most estimates, including one by the New York attorney general, put that figure closer to $2 billion.

In his 2021 financial statement, Trump said he had just under $300 million in “cash and cash equivalents.” He has since made several sales, including his golf course in New York and his hotel in Washington, D.C., and he may also make more money soon when his social networking company, Truth Social, goes public.

But even with those income streams, it’s unclear whether Trump and his family members have enough cash to pay all the money they owe now.

Could he use campaign contributions or PAC money to pay?

Federal election law prohibits the use of campaign funds for personal use. But the rules are much more unclear when it comes to political action committees, or PACs, on a candidate’s expenses.

Over the past two years, Trump’s political action committee Save America, his presidential campaign and other fundraising organizations have devoted $76.7 million to legal fees. Campaign finance experts expect Trump to try to spend PAC money to cover the cost of his debts in some way.

Can he or his businesses file for bankruptcy?

According to the judge’s ruling on Friday, Trump will still be required to pay even if the Trump Organization files for bankruptcy. If Trump personally filed for bankruptcy, enforcement of the judgment against him would stop. But political commentators say such a drastic step is unlikely.

Despite the fact that several of his previous companies have gone bankrupt, Trump has repeatedly boasted that he has never, personally, filed for bankruptcy.

What if Trump simply refuses to pay the money?

Legally, Trump would face the same consequences as any American who refuses to pay a legal judgment, including the possibility of having his assets seized and wages garnished.

On Friday, the judge overseeing Trump’s fraud case appointed an additional monitor to oversee the Trump Organization’s finances, finding that the law was not reliably followed. Should Trump refuse to make payments, the courts will have discretion to monitor Trump and his businesses.

“They have enormous power, particularly for someone like Trump who has physical assets within the state,” said Thomas, the law professor. “The court can say we will freeze your bank account. Or worse, they could say, “We’re seizing Trump Tower and putting it up for sale.”