Turkey is the country with the second largest army in NATO. She is often criticized for choosing to forge her own path. However, Turkey and NATO need each other.
“Neither in black nor in white, but in grey. That’s where the relationship between Turkey and NATO lies.”. Political scientist Celine Nasi from the London School of Economics and Political Science.
The fact that Turkey’s pursuit of good relations with Russia and China has led in recent years to question whether Ankara remains loyal to NATO. The many instances in which Turkey has charted its own course – such as in the military intervention in Northern Syria in 2018 or the blocking of Finland and Sweden’s entry into the Alliance – caused debate in the West as to whether Turkey actually belongs to the Alliance or not.
The second largest army
Because of the Russian threat Turkey – like many other states – eit had to abandon its neutrality stance after World War II. When Stalin began to lay claim to parts of Turkish territory, Ankara sought the help of NATO, which it joined in 1952.
“Turkey is a country of unique importance for the Alliance”, explains Zaur Gasimov from the University of Mainz. Turkey has the second largest army of the Alliance after the US, it protects the south-eastern flank of Europe while Turkey is home to both of the most important air bases, Incirlik and Iconium.
“The Turkish military forces are one of the few armies in NATO that have direct combat experience. In addition, Turkey is becoming an increasingly powerful partner, developing its own military technology,” Gasimov emphasizes.
An international trend
Ankara is famous for repeatedly deciding to go its own way – so the question arises whether these unilateral actions are compatible with NATO membership?
According to experts DW asked, yes – it is actually an international trend. “Strategic autonomy is a term that Ankara likes very much. It is a fact that in recent years Turkey has become more and more independent in its foreign policy. And this will continue,” Nasi estimates. “Turkey is not the only country that takes more and more decisions on its own. This is the result of the change in international balances and the shift of power from the West to the East. That’s why all US allies behave in a similar way”explains the expert.
Gasimov notices one “emancipation” in Turkish foreign policy for two decades, and that things have changed a lot compared to the times of the Cold War. “Turkey can be an active member of NATO and at the same time strengthen its cooperation with Russia. I see no indication that this model could not work.”
Nashi points out that the West even benefits from Turkey’s good relations with Russia, although they are criticized. “You have to communicate with someone you don’t like. And that’s why a mediator is needed. The grain agreement important for Europe, for example, could be implemented thanks to Turkey’s contribution.”
Erdogan’s role
The art of communication plays an important role in how other allies treat Turkey. “Turkey conducted the debate about Sweden and Finland joining NATO in a very problematic way,” Naci criticizes. “In the end, the impression was created that Turkey is a country that sees every foreign policy issue as an object of negotiation.” And in this Nasi identifies one of the biggest problems of the cooperation with Turkey: “We are dealing with an unpredictable government”.
This issue is in turn related to the concentration of power within Turkey. “Foreign policy decisions were made by Erdogan and a handful of his advisers. At the point where we are now, Erdogan is the one who decides everything.”comments n Nashi.
Turkey out of NATO?
In recent years, the voices calling for the exclusion of Turkey from NATO have been increasing, while in Turkey itself there are many who consider that staying in NATO is not the country’s only option. Moreover, Erdogan has seen with a good eye the inclusion in the “Shanghai Cooperation Organization”, an alliance of China and Russia with the aim, among other things, of weakening NATO.
Nasi, however, seems to disagree: “Turkey’s exit from NATO would not benefit either side. And in practice, Turkey is not even withdrawing from NATO. After all, it fulfills all its obligations to its allies”, emphasizes the political scientist. Furthermore, “all of Turkey’s defense systems are compatible with NATO. All weapons, war material, aircraft. Turkey is fully integrated into NATO. Here we find it difficult to change mobile from iPhone to Android. Correspondingly, it is not possible to change an entire system at the defense level just like that.”
Source :Skai
With a wealth of experience honed over 4+ years in journalism, I bring a seasoned voice to the world of news. Currently, I work as a freelance writer and editor, always seeking new opportunities to tell compelling stories in the field of world news.
