The new duties announced Monday by Donald Trump in steel and aluminum could have extensive effects Throughout the economy, protecting some companies from foreign competition from one, but increasing costs in other areas.

The imposition of 25% steel and aluminum duties will apply to all imports, including those from Canada and Mexico. Although Canada will feel the main weight of orders on Monday as No. 1 foreign supplier for US buyers, duties also target Chinawhich represents more than half of world steel production.

Here are some winners and losers From the latest commercial move by the Trump government, according to The Washington Post.

The winners

USE and Aluminum Suppliers in the US

Duties serve as a tax on imports, leading foreign suppliers to increase prices. This means that US companies that supply steel and aluminum will have an advantage over their foreign competitors, as imported steel from commercial partners such as Canada, Brazil and Mexico becomes much more expensive.

Several US -based steel companies have seen their shares eject on Monday. The shares of Nucor and Steel Dynamics increased by 5.5%and 4.9%, respectively, to the closure of the market, while Cleveland-Cliffs increased almost 18%. United States Steel Corp., better known as US Steel, saw its shares grow almost 5%. The shares of Alcoa aluminum production company rose about 2%.

Philip Bell, president of the steel manufacturers’ union, said the tariffs would help “equality for competition” for domestic producers and has rejected the criticism that duties would lead to cost increases without significantly increasing processing jobs in processing.

“When you have an invoice that is widely applied to all parts of the products, there will certainly be a short -term impact,” he said. “But when you have duties for a specific product, such as those in steel and aluminum, it is really left to see what the long -term impact on jobs and consumer prices is.”

Imposing a 25% duty on a quantity of steel used in a standard $ 40,000 car would increase the price of 1% or 2%, Philip Bell claimed. He also argued that every work -related job creates in turn of jobs for contractors, construction workers, engineering companies and “even for food truck outside the steel mill where you can go for breakfast or lunch” .

United President Steelworkers International, however, made a distinction between “trusted commercial partners, such as Canada, and those who seek to undermine our industries as they work to dominate the world market”.

“Our union welcomes President Donald Trump’s efforts to limit global surplus production capacity that for a long time has allowed bad factors such as China to flood the world market with its unfair market products, resulting in increased imports in the United States. States, especially from Mexico, “said President David McCal. But he added that “Canada is not the problem”.

The losers

Consumers

Aluminum and steel are used in a wide range of products, which means that higher import duties will eventually pass to consumers. The metals are found on appliances, smartphone, baseball bats, pots and pans, telescopes and outdoor furniture. Even the beverage boxes could be affected, they wrote analysts in the Retail industry in Bank of America in their report earlier this month.

However, it is not clear how much time it will take for consumers to feel the impact and to what extent. This will be partly dependent on how much steel or aluminum is used to make a product, said Lydia Cox, a professor of Economics at the University of Wisconsin in Madison.

It is also up to businesses to decide what additional costs should transfer to their customers, he said: “If you had a 25% increase in 50% of your costs, this will be a fairly important [δυνητική] Increase »in prices.

On the contrary, businesses and manufacturers – who buy steel and aluminum bulk – will be the first to see prices increases, said Douglas Irwin, a professor of finance at Dartmouth College.

US Manufacturers

An analysis of 2018 on steel duties during the first Trump government, published by the Independent Peterson Institute for International Economics, found that this policy created jobs but at high costs for the myriad of foreign shoppers in the US.

The analysis concluded that taxation of 25% also of imported steel, created about 8,700 jobs and created about $ 2.4 billion in pre -tax profits For steel operations. But domestic steel industries in the United States paid another $ 5.6 billion thanks to protection – a cost of about $ 650,000 for every job created in the steel industry.

Gary Hufbauer, a senior researcher at Peterson Institute and one of the authors of the study, said that does not expect to create many new jobs From new duties, because they would mostly have the replacement of existing quotas used by other countries to reduce exports to the United States. But the escalation of trade wars through duties in this way will “secure retaliation against selected products and American companies,” Hufbauer added.

This time, companies such as John Deere, Caterpillar and Boeing could also be hurt because their products use very aluminum or steel, as well as private developers and state and local governments that go into infrastructure projects, Irwin said.

Glenn Stevens Jr., executive director of Michauto, department of the Detroit Regional Chamber of Commerce, said that automakers are probably not able to absorb the combined effect of tariffs on Canada and Mexico and global steel and aluminum supplies.

“Vehicle trading prices are already very high, and if they grow, it reduces demand,” he said. This, in turn, could lead to production cuts and job loss.

US Exporters

Some American industries that sell products abroad could also feel Trump’s duties as other nations are counterattacked, Irwin said. As an example he cited exports of agricultural products, because foreign countries can easily find alternative sources of soy, wheat and other agricultural products abroad.

This happened during Trump’s first term.

“The Trump government began to save American farmers and agriculture,” said Michael Klein, a professor of Economics at Tufts University and Economofact’s executive author. “The revenue raised were exhausted trying to mitigate the impact on those who were hurt by retaliation,” he concluded.