It is characterized by increased fat deposition in the human body, which results in serious problems.
“In recent years, obesity has reached pandemic proportions, affecting an extremely large percentage of the world’s population. Typically, its impact has doubled from 1990 to the present. “Greece is the leader in Europe as it is estimated that 62.3% of adults are overweight and 24.9% are obese”, says Mr. Charalambos Spyropoulos, Special Surgeon, MD, PhD, FACS Director of Minimally Invasive Digestive Surgery Clinic , Obesity and Diabetes at the Metropolitan General, elected member of the four-member Board of the Hellenic Obesity Society (E.H.E.P.).
Obesity is accompanied by numerous diseases that affect all organs of the human body:
• Type 2 diabetes
• Cardiovascular diseases
• Hypertension
• Hypercholesterolemia / hypertriglyceridemia
• Respiratory problems / sleep apnea
• Infertility
Increased incidence of certain types of cancer
• Arthritis
Decreased libido in men
• Fatty liver infiltration.
Type 2 diabetes
Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic diseases of our time. It is characterized by a disorder of glucose metabolism and high blood sugar levels.
It affects 80% of the population of patients with diabetes. The disease, in contrast to type 1 diabetes where there is a lack of insulin from the pancreas, is characterized by increased resistance of target cells to the action of insulin, which in fact usually has elevated levels.
According to the International Diabetes Federation, by the year 2040, the number of diabetic patients will increase to 642 million worldwide and a large proportion of these patients will be associated with obesity.
Obesity and type 2 diabetes
The World Health Organization has recognized obesity as an epidemic since 1997. However, its close association with type 2 diabetes has led the international community to refer to a dual pandemic of obesity and diabetes, known as “Diabesity”. diabetes: diabetes & obesity: obesity).
These two diseases are inextricably linked, as obesity is the main risk factor for type 2 diabetes. The pathophysiological association between the two diseases is found in the endocrine action of adipose tissue. In the past, adipose tissue was simply treated as a rich source of energy for the body.
It is now clear and proven that it has important endocrine function through the production of peptides with hormonal action. The exact role and function of adipose tissue as an endocrine gland have not yet been fully elucidated, however it is believed that understanding its function will allow the treatment of many metabolic disorders.
Management of obesity & type 2 diabetes
The close correlation between the two diseases provides valuable data for their combined treatment. Successful treatment of clinically severe obesity has now been shown to drastically cure or dramatically improve type 2 diabetes.
Since 2017, endocrinology companies around the world have accepted and adopted surgical treatment as an appropriate way to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity.
What is metabolic surgery?
Metabolic surgery is the modern term that refers to all surgical options for the combined treatment of obesity and the metabolic diseases that accompany it, with the main representative being type 2 diabetes. These are surgeries that through the changes achieved in the gastrointestinal tract cause immediate changes in glucose metabolism as well.
The International Guidelines for Metabolic Surgery (Obesity Surgery and Diabetes Surgery) are as follows:
Recommended for obese diabetic patients (category 3 obesity).
Recommended for obese diabetic patients who are unable to control their blood sugar levels with medication.
It is suggested as an alternative treatment option in obese diabetic patients of category 2 and above, regardless of the treatment regimen and blood sugar level.
Recommended (as an alternative) to diabetic patients who suffer from type 1 obesity and are unable to control their blood sugar levels with the medication they are taking.
“Surgery options, combined with the ‘gifts’ of biotechnology, have offered extremely safe and effective metabolic surgeries. Modern surgical techniques incorporate robotic technology, which means maximizing the efficiency of the procedure and accelerating the patient’s postoperative recovery.
The most modern minimally invasive metabolic surgeries are:
• Robotic gastric bypass
Robotic gastric bypass of an anastomosis (one-anastomosis / mini bypass)
• Robotic elongated gastrectomy (gastric sleeve)
“Robotic cholelopancreatic diversion”, concludes Mr. Spyropoulos.
Writes:
Mr. Charalambos Spyropoulos, Special Surgeon, MD, PhD, FACS Director of the Clinic of Minimally Invasive Surgery of the Digestive System, Obesity and Diabetes at the Metropolitan General, elected member of the four-member Board of the Hellenic Society of Obesity.
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