High titers of neutralizing antibodies against the omicron mutation are found in all subjects who received three doses of mRNA vaccine or those who recovered from COVID-19 and were subsequently vaccinated with mRNA vaccine.
The recently emerging variant B.1.1.159 (omicron) of SARS-CoV-2 has a large number of mutations (n = 32) in the spike protein relative to that of the original virus (Wuhan), particularly in the region of virus entry into human cells , i.e. the primary target of neutralizing antibodies. A recent study just published in the New England Journal of Medicine looked at Wuhan coronavirus and omicron mutation titers in 169 plasma samples from 47 people with different exposure to the virus antigens through infection, vaccination, or both. . The Professors of the Medical School of EKPA Evangelos Terpos (Hematologist) and Thanos Dimopoulos (Rector of EKPA) summarize the main points of the study.
In plasma samples taken approximately 1 month and 6 months after infection by individuals having recovered from COVID-19, neutralizing antibody titer values ≥50% (considered protective against COVID-19 infection) were 58 and 32-fold lower, respectively. for omicron by them against the Wuhan executive, respectively.
In plasma samples from individuals who had received two doses of mRNA vaccine [BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) ή mRNA-1273 (Moderna)], 1.3 months before sampling, neutralizing antibody values ≥50% were 127 times lower for omicron than for Wuhan strain. At 5 months after vaccination, the neutralizing power was 27 times lower for omicron. Many plasma samples from single dose Ad26.COV2.S vaccine recipients (Johnson & Johnson) taken 1 or 5 months after vaccination had no detectable neutralizing activity against omicron.
It is worth noting, however, that vaccinating individuals who had recovered from Covid-19 or administering a third dose of mRNA vaccine to vaccinated subjects, τat least 6 months after the second dose of an mRNA vaccine, led to a significant benefit in the neutralizing action against omicron. Specifically, after vaccination to people who had previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, neutralizing antibody values ≥50% was 238 times and 154 times larger for the Wuhan and omicron subtypes, respectively, from the titles held by individuals after disease and before vaccination.
For those who received two doses of an mRNA vaccine approximately 6 months earlier, and then received a third dose of an mRNA vaccine approximately 1 month prior to sampling, neutralizing antibody values ≥50% after the booster dose were 26-fold higher for the strain. of Wuhan and 38 times larger for the omicron. Neutralizing titers against omicron were very high in all subjects who had recovered from COVID-19 and were subsequently vaccinated in those who had received three doses of mRNA vaccine, but the titers were low or undetectable in many unvaccinated subjects who had recover from COVID-19 and in recipients of only two doses of mRNA vaccine.
Although these findings suggest that the omicron variant exhibits a significant degree of escape from neutralizing antibodies after COVID-19 disease or dual vaccination with m-RNA vaccines, they also indicate that the booster dose of m-RNA vaccine in these groups (i.e. provide those who have either had COVID-19 or two doses of the vaccine 6 months before) with additional protection against omicron infection and subsequent disease.
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