Abdominal aortic aneurysm (ABA) is caused in the part of the aorta located in the abdomen, hence its name, which supplies blood to all abdominal organs and both lower extremities. Its average normal diameter is around 20mm. The aneurysm is formed when the diameter of the aorta exceeds by at least 1.5 times its average normal size.

“It is the most frequent aneurysm encountered in vascular surgery and usually affects older men, smokers and first-degree relatives of patients with AKA. It is a dangerous disease because it usually does not give symptoms until it is too late, that is, when it has broken and can have serious effects on the patient’s health if left untreated,” he points out. Mr. Georgios Eleftheriou Director of Vascular Surgery, Metropolitan Hospitalwho below explains everything related to the occurrence of the disease and its treatment.

What happens when the abdominal aorta is dissected?

Essentially, the wall of the aorta within the abdominal area is weakened, resulting in its stretching. This is because the aorta, as it expands with the blood pressure from each heartbeat, is at significant risk of rupture, which can gradually lead to severe, life-threatening internal bleeding.

What are the risk factors for developing an AKA?

Certain factors increase the likelihood of developing AKA. These include advanced age, smoking history, high blood pressure, atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) and family history of aortic aneurysms. In addition, men are at greater risk than women

How do I know if I have an abdominal aortic aneurysm? Are there any symptoms?

Unfortunately, AKA often develops without obvious symptoms, making it a silent threat to the patient’s health. In fact, most sufferers do not feel any symptoms at all until the rupture occurs. However, some people may experience abdominal or back pain, dizziness, fainting, a throbbing sensation in the abdomen, or other general discomfort. In rare cases, patients may experience abdominal or lower extremity pain due to embolization of clotted material from the aneurysm.

How is abdominal aortic aneurysm diagnosed?

Regular health checkups and screening tests are vital for early detection of AKA, especially in people with a positive family history and those with the above-mentioned risk factors. Ultrasound and other imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT), play a critical role in accurately diagnosing the size and location of the aneurysm.
After age 60-65, everyone should be screened for abdominal aortic aneurysm with ultrasound. Especially if someone has a first-degree relative with an aneurysm, they should get screened earlier, around age 50.

Can abdominal aortic aneurysms be prevented?

While we cannot prevent the natural aging process or genetic predisposition, certain lifestyle modifications can reduce the risk of developing AKA. Quitting smoking, managing blood pressure and cholesterol levels, adopting a healthy diet and getting regular physical activity are all necessary preventative measures.

What are the treatment options for abdominal aortic aneurysms?

There is no drug to treat the aneurysm. The therapeutic approach depends on the size and condition of the AKA. For smaller aneurysms, careful monitoring, smoking cessation, and blood pressure monitoring are recommended. However, for larger or rapidly growing aneurysms of 5 to 5.5 cm in size, surgery is often necessary to prevent rupture.

Is surgery the only treatment option?

In most cases, less invasive techniques, such as endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR), are appropriate, as open surgery is heavy and requires general anesthesia, with a long and painful recovery and significant potential for serious complications. In contrast, the EVAR method is easier and involves placing a stent graft inside the aorta to strengthen the weakened wall and repair it, eliminating the risk of rupture.

What is Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR)?

More specifically, EVAR is a minimally invasive procedure that offers many advantages over traditional open surgery, including reduced recovery time and lower risk of complications, but also the avoidance of general anesthesia and the absence of an abdominal incision leading to the absence of postoperative pain. While hospitalization does not exceed three 24 hours, with immediate mobilization of the patient and return to daily activities.
However, to be carried out successfully, it requires its execution by an experienced vascular surgeon, in specially equipped operating rooms.

What is the recovery process after AKA surgery?

The recovery process varies depending on the type of treatment. In the case of open surgery, patients stay in the hospital for a few days for post-operative monitoring. Full recovery may take several weeks, during which time close monitoring by health professionals is necessary. In the case of endovascular rehabilitation, hospitalization lasts much less, no more than three days, and recovery is much faster.

Are there any lifestyle changes I should make after an AKA diagnosis or surgery?

Adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle is vital after an AKI diagnosis or surgery. This includes stopping smoking, managing blood pressure and cholesterol levels, eating a balanced diet and exercising regularly.

What happens if an AKA is not addressed?

An untreated AKA is a serious risk as it can rupture, leading to internal bleeding and potentially life-threatening consequences. Once an AKA is diagnosed, early intervention is crucial to prevent rupture and ensure patients are healthy enough to maintain a healthy and active life.

Can women also get abdominal aortic aneurysms?

While AKA is more common in men, women can also develop this condition. It is important for both men and women, especially those with risk factors, to get regular screening.

Are there any specific warning signs that require immediate medical attention?

“If you experience severe and sudden abdominal or back pain, fainting, dizziness combined with a drop in blood pressure, or other symptoms suggestive of an AKA rupture, seek immediate medical attention or call emergency services.

The abdominal aortic aneurysms it is a serious health problem that requires early detection and appropriate treatment”, concludes Mr. Eleftheriou.

In the Metropolitan Hospitalthe experienced team of vascular surgeons is dedicated to providing the highest level of care to patients, ensuring timely and effective interventions to ensure their health, while being at their disposal at all times, 24 hours a day.