Starting next Monday (3), the winners of the Nobel Prize 2022 will be announced. The announcement can be followed on the internet, on the official YouTube channel of the award.
People or organizations that have distinguished themselves by contributing in six categories are awarded: Physics, Chemistry, Medicine or Physiology, Literature, Peace and Economics.
The laureates receive a sum of money, provided by the Nobel Foundation, a medal and a diploma. The value of the prize in this edition reaches 10 million Swedish kronor (about US$ 900 thousand dollars).
The actual delivery of the award is scheduled for December 10, in Stockholm (Sweden).
The traditional Nobel Prize began with the death of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel (1833-1896).
Nobel was the inventor of dynamite and responsible for the development of synthetic rubber and leather. The scientist registered 355 patents in his 63 years of life.
In 1895, in his last will, he recorded that his fortune should be destined for the construction of a laurel.
The first prize was not given until 1901.
In 1968, the Nobel Foundation also began to award an economics prize, donated by the Swedish Central Bank.
The selection of winners is made by scientific bodies in Sweden, with the exception of the Nobel Peace Prize, which is chosen by a committee made up of members appointed by the Norwegian Parliament.
The nominees, in turn, can be nominated by people who fit any of the various criteria established by the foundation, such as being a university professor, being part of the Institute of International Law, currently being head of state, among others.
Regardless of the category, the foundation does not reveal who are the nominees for the Nobel Prize, obeying a 50-year secrecy.
The only information made available by the foundation is that, in this edition, there are 343 candidates for the Nobel Peace Prize, of which 251 are individuals and 92 are organizations. 14 more names were nominated than in 2021.
Among the people who have already received the Nobel are Martin Luther King (Peace, 1964), Mother Teresa (Peace, 1979), Nelson Mandela (Peace, 1993), Bob Dylan (Literature, 2016), Gabriel García Márquez (Literature, 1982) , Ernest Hemingway (Literature, 1954), Toni Morrison (Literature, 1993), Robert Koch (Medicine, 1905), Alexander Fleming (Medicine, 1945) and Albert Einstein (Physics, 1921).
To date, no Brazilian has won the Nobel in any category.
Younger and older
The youngest person to receive a Nobel was Malala Yousafzai, who was an education activist and survived an assassination attempt by the Pakistani Taliban when she was 15. She received the Nobel Peace Prize at age 17 in 2014.
In science, the youngest was William Lawrence Bragg, who, in 1915, at the age of 25, received the Nobel Prize in Physics. The scientist was awarded for his study related to how X-ray diffraction in crystals works.
The oldest person to be awarded a Nobel was John B. Goodenough, who received the 2019 honors in chemistry at age 97. The researcher, along with M. Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino, was awarded the prize for the development of lithium-ion batteries, which revolutionized technology.
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