North Korea is often seen as a pariah state, closed off from the world. But for decades it had deep, if turbulent, relations with Russia and China.

North Korea’s relationship with Russia has deteriorated in the years since the collapse of the Soviet Union, analyst Jean Lee reports on the BBC’s The Global Story podcast.

Pyongyang had become “almost entirely dependent” on China for 90% of its trade in recent decades, he comments.

But Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has changed Putin’s approach to North Korea.

Christian Davies, Financial Times correspondent in Seoul, comments: “North Korea is not doing many things well. But he can build weapons, he can build them at scale, and they take war very seriously.”

China will closely monitor developments between Kim Jong Un and Vladimir Putin, Li adds. “North Korea is trying to use one neighbor against another. They gain the favor of one leader at the expense of another.”

Putin visited Pyongyang for the first time in July 2000. Putin visited the grave of DPRK founder Kim Il Sung and laid flowers at the Soviet Army memorial. As for Kim Jong Il, he has visited Russia three times in 2001, 2002 and 2011.