On this day – 1994: Turkey qualifies a possible extension of Greek territorial waters to 12 miles as a cause of war (casus belli)

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In 1933, shortly after the end of the Cold War, the USA and the USSR established diplomatic relations, 16 years after the Bolsheviks came to power.

November 16, 2022

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534…. The second and final revision of the Justinian Code is published. “Neares” begins to be published.

1380…. King Charles VI of France announces the abolition of all taxes in his country.

1532…. Spanish explorer and conquistador, Francisco Pizarro, captures the Inca emperor Atahualpa and overthrows their empire. He will execute him in August 1533 along with 2,000 of his compatriots, despite the payment of huge amounts of gold by the natives for their release.

1776…. In the USA, German mercenaries of England capture Fort Washington in New York from the revolutionaries. The same day the Netherlands recognize the US.

1828…. A protocol is signed in London by the representatives of the Three Great Powers, Russia, England and France, which defines the borders of the new Greek state. It leaves Sterea Hellada out of Greek territory, while only the Peloponnese and the Cyclades are included.

1841…. Napoleon Guerin patents the first life jacket made of cork.

1849…. Russian author, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, is sentenced to death for anti-government activity associated with a radical group of intellectuals. His sentence would later be commuted to hard labour.

1860…. Parliament is dissolved by Otto and elections are announced for January 1861.

1864…. George I presents himself to the Parliament, swears allegiance to the new Constitution of the country and becomes the first constitutional king of Greece. On the same day, the national assembly is dissolved.

1893…. The Sparta football team is founded in Prague.

1904…. France cedes the construction of the Panama Canal to the US, after purchasing all the economic rights of the French company that had started the project.

1907….Oklahoma becomes the 46th US State.

1914… The Federal Reserve Bank of the USA begins its operation.

1918…. From the ruins of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Republic of Hungary emerges. Hungary is declared an independent republic with Count Mihaly Karoli as provisional president.

1920…. The Australian airline QANTAS is founded.

1933…. The USA and the USSR establish diplomatic relations, 16 years after the Bolsheviks came to power.

1939… The National Academy of Physical Education (Gymnastics Academy) is founded.

1942…. World War II: The submarine “Triton” (commander Lieutenant Epaminondas Kontogiannis) attacks a German convoy in Kafireas, sinks an oil tanker and, while trying to escape, is attacked by a German chaser and finally sinks. Nineteen crew members perish with him.

[1945UNESCOtheeducationalscientificandculturalorganizationoftheUnitedNationsisfoundedinLondon

1952…. The Hellenic Alarm of Marshal Alexandros Papagos wins the elections. It receives 49.22% of the vote and 247 seats.

1964…. The Deputy Minister of Coordination, Andreas Papandreou, resigns, due to a disagreement with his father, the Prime Minister, George Papandreou, as well as the accusations of a section of the press for gratuitous project assignments.

1980…. The 26-year-old Cypriot student Iakovos Koumis and the 20-year-old worker Matoula Kanellopoulou lose their lives, from MAT riots, during incidents on the occasion of the march for the 7th anniversary of the Polytechnic.

1981…. US health authorities approve hepatitis B vaccine.

1988… In the elections held in Pakistan, for the first time since 1977, the people choose Benazir Bhutto as the country’s prime minister. She is the first woman to become the prime minister of a Muslim state.

1989…. The first non-state television station of nationwide reach, the MEGA Channel, is launched.

1991…. The Russian government decides to deport former East German President Erich Honecker.

1992…. A Skopje publishing house publishes a large-sized map of the so-called “Greater Macedonia”, which even includes Aegean islands.

1993…. US appeals court calls unconstitutional the ban on homosexuals from serving in the armed forces.

1994…. Turkey announces that it considers the possible extension of Greek territorial waters to 12 miles as a cause of war.

2000… Bill Clinton becomes the first sitting US president to visit communist Vietnam.

On this day in 42 BC the Roman emperor, Tiberius, in whose days Jesus Christ was crucified, was born, in 1717 the French mathematician, Jean Le Ron D’Alembert, contributor to Denis Diderot’s “Encyclopedia”, in 1829 the Russian composer and conductor Anton Rubinstein, one of the most important violinists of the 19th century, in 1943 the American film director Michael Cimino (“The Deer Hunter”) and in 1953 the folk singer, Glykeria (Kotsula).

On the same day in 1822 the fighter of the Greek Revolution, Panagiotis Krevvatas, was murdered, in 1960 the American actor Clark Gable (“Gone with the Wind”) died, in 1970 the politician and prime minister, Konstantinos Tsaldaris, in 1971 the rebetist, Stratos Payoumtzis and in 2006 the Nobel laureate American economist and guru of neoliberalism, Milton Friedman.

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